Fresh from his re-election in October, President Hugo Chávez Frías sought
treatment in Cuba for the recurrence of an unspecified form of cancer, leaving
the nation's political landscape in doubt as 2012 came to a close. Chávez said during
the campaign that he was free of the cancer that first struck in 2011, although
details of his medical condition were shrouded in mystery. In the lead-up to
the vote that saw Chávez fend off challenger Henrique Capriles Radonski, the administration
continued its systematic campaign
against critical news coverage through legislation, threats, and regulatory
measures while using unlimited airtime via its state
media empire. The election heightened an already polarized environment:
Both pro-government and pro-opposition journalists were attacked while covering
campaign events. Chávez's campaign against press freedom extended beyond the country's borders in 2012. Venezuela was part of a bloc of countries within the Organization of American States that worked to dismantle the region's system of human rights protection, including the special rapporteur for freedom of expression. The government also announced that it was withdrawing from the American Convention on Human Rights, the first step required in order to pull out from the OAS' two human rights bodies.