CPJ Insider: August 2019 edition

CPJ awardee Zaffar Abbas: The Pakistani government has decided ‘to kill journalism’

Pressure campaigns by press freedom groups are a vital line of defense against a rapidly deteriorating environment for independent media in Pakistan under Prime Minister Imran Khan, said Zaffar Abbas, the editor of Dawn and CPJ’s 2019 Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Award winner, during a July call with CPJ supporters.

Khan has proven intolerant of criticism, CPJ has found, and has sought to muzzle the press with outlet shutdowns and other kinds of pressure. These tactics were previously employed by the Pakistani military, but typically not supported by elected leaders. Now, with the military and civilian leadership “on the same page,” the independent media is under siege, Abbas said. “What they have decided to do is kill journalism in this country.”

But Pakistan’s leaders remain “seriously worried about their international reputation,” he said. Especially now, when the U.S. president is also hostile to a critical press, it’s helpful that CPJ and other press freedom organizations draw public attention to attacks on the Pakistani media. “They cannot be as open and blatant as at times they are,” Abbas said. “If these statements of concern by these organizations stopped, it would be a doomsday scenario for us.”

On July 16, CPJ announced it will honor Abbas with the 2019 Gwen Ifill Press Freedom Award, which recognizes extraordinary and sustained achievement in the cause of press freedom. Under Abbas’ editorship, Dawn has consistently stood up to government pressure, and he has personally faced reprisals for his work, including several beatings. In 2015, he was elected chairman of Editors for Safety, a network of editors in Pakistan who work together to protect journalists who come under attack.

CPJ also named the 2019 winners of its International Press Freedom Award, which honors courageous journalists from around the world. They are Patrícia Campos Mello, a reporter and columnist at Brazil’s daily Folha de S. Paulo; Neha Dixit, a freelance investigative journalist in India who covers human rights; Lucía Pineda Ubau, news director, and Miguel Mora, founder and editor, of Nicaraguan broadcaster 100% Noticias; and Maxence Melo Mubyazi, a champion of online freedom of expression in Tanzania, who co-founded and is the managing director of Jamii Forums, an online discussion site and source of breaking news.

CPJ testifies in Congress about press freedom restrictions in Cuba

CPJ Program Director Carlos Martínez de la Serna testified about press freedom in Cuba at a July 11 hearing of the House Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Civilian Security, and Trade.

State control over the media and freedom of expression has loosened somewhat, and increased access to the internet and cellphones has opened up new avenues for expression and journalism, Martínez told members of Congress. However, Cuba remains one of the most repressive environments for the press in the Western hemisphere, as CPJ has reported.

“Independent and critical Cuban journalists constantly face the possibility of detention, having their homes or devices searched, their reporting equipment confiscated, and even criminal prosecution on anti-state charges,” he said. Moreover, technology has “expanded the set of tools of Cuban officials to monitor, surveil, and censor journalists, media workers, and private citizens.” Indeed, the government appears to be moving toward an aggressive program of technical monitoring and censorship.

Martínez urged U.S. leaders to speak out, publicly and privately, in defense of Cuba’s beleaguered journalists. He encouraged Congress to support initiatives to expand affordable and uncensored internet access in Cuba and to open up lines of communication between the two countries. The U.S. should also understand that Cuban journalists who apply for asylum or refugee status may have a well-founded fear of persecution, he said.

Stepping up journalists’ digital safety know-how

CPJ’s Emergencies Response Team released in July an updated Digital Safety Kit to provide journalists with the latest information on how best to protect themselves and their sources through secured digital accounts, devices, and online communications. The kit also provides practical advice to help journalists navigate digital threats like phishing attacks and specific concerns related to crossing borders, when authorities may seek to inspect devices.

Available in English, French, Spanish, and Russian, journalists and media organizations may freely use and share the text under the terms of our Creative Commons license. News of the kit was well-received on social media, garnering hundreds of likes and retweets, and was distributed to partners, who welcomed the resource and shared it through their networks.

Announcement: CPJ launches a new, updated Digital Safety Kit for journalists looking to better protect themselves, their sources, and their info. The kit combines 6 bite-sized safety notes on different topics in an accessible format that is easy to digest. https://t.co/kknnsiEcWb

— Committee to Protect Journalists (@pressfreedom) July 30, 2019

Separately, CPJ went to Cúcuta, Colombia, in July with a partner organization to educate Venezuelan journalists on digital safety. Journalists working in Venezuela have been facing rampant harassment both online and offline, and CPJ has been advising individual journalists and media outlets on the ground on how to strengthen digital security practices. The three-day meeting in Cúcuta, a safe location that is relatively easy for Venezualan journalists to reach, was designed to build expertise in a small group of journalists that they can then share with colleagues inside Venezuela.

At London conference, CPJ demands that states protect journalists

CPJ and 32 other organizations called on governments participating in the Media Freedom Conference, which was hosted by the U.K. and Canada in London in early July, to commit to ensuring the protection and safety of all journalists and media workers. Several countries whose officials attended the conference—which brought together 100 government delegations, 60 ministers, and representatives of over 30 press freedom organizations—currently have journalists in prison and unsolved murders.

At the conference, CPJ hosted a booth that displayed a world map showing hotspots for attacks on the press and provided safety and campaign information. Advocacy Director Courtney Radsch participated in two panel discussions: “Innovation to End Journalist Murders” and “Countering Disinformation in the Media.” Prior to the conference, she also delivered the 25th annual Olsen Lecture at St. Bride’s Church before a memorial to fallen journalists, during which she asserted that it is the people who pay the greatest price when leaders discredit journalists by branding them “enemies of the people.” CPJ also organized an event around The Last Column, a book of slain journalists’ final works, moderated by Jon Williams, the managing director of RTÉ News and a CPJ board member.

Impact Tracker

• Maltese investigative journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia, who reported on government corruption, was murdered in October 2017 by a car bomb. It was a shocking event for Europe, where journalist killings are rare. Three men suspected of carrying out the murder were arrested that December, but no masterminds were arrested and the case went quiet. In April 2018, CPJ met with European Commission Vice President Frans Timmermans and senior European Union officials in Brussels to urge them to ensure EU institutions uphold press freedom in member states. European authorities took some steps, but Caruana Galizia’s case remained dormant. On the one-year anniversary of her murder, CPJ pushed again, joining a mission to Malta with partner groups and meeting with the prime minister and other officials. The standstill finally broke this July, when prosecutors issued a bill of indictment for the three suspects in the assassination. Those who ordered the murder remain at large.

• Deyda Hydara, managing editor and co-owner of Gambian newspaper The Point and a correspondent for Agence France-Presse, was assassinated in December 2004, two days after Gambia’s National Assembly passed media legislation that Hydara had opposed. Three days after his murder, rumors swirled that the killers were members of then-President Yahya Jammeh’s hit squad known as the Junglers. In July, an army officer confessed that he was among a group of men who murdered Hydara on Jammeh’s direct orders. CPJ issued a statement calling for Jammeh to be held to account. In an interview with CPJ, the journalist’s daughter, Marie Deyda Hydara, demanded the prosecution of her father’s killers. “My family has waited for 15 years to get confirmation that it was Jammeh who ordered my dad’s assassination back in December 2004,” she said.

• Mauritanian police arrested blogger Mohamed Cheikh Ould Mohamed in January 2014 on charges of apostasy in connection with an article he wrote criticizing caste discrimination. Mohamed was sentenced to death in December 2014, but a court of appeals in 2017 reduced his sentence to two years in prison and ordered him to pay a fine. Having already served more than three years in prison, the blogger was scheduled to be released, yet remained in custody. CPJ has advocated for Mohamed’s release since his arrest, including by featuring him in the Free the Press campaign and the “Most Urgent” cases list we help compile for the One Free Press Coalition. On July 29, two days before the inauguration of the country’s new president, authorities finally let him go and allowed him to leave the country.

• CPJ has been working to secure justice for slain Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who was murdered in October in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul by Saudi officials linked to the crown prince. In July, we won a victory in Washington, when the U.S. House overwhelmingly passed the Saudi Arabia Human Rights and Accountability Act of 2019 introduced by Rep. Tom Malinowski (D-NJ). CPJ worked with other groups to recruit Republicans to sign on to the bill, which requires the Director of National Intelligence to provide Congress with a public list of people responsible for ordering, planning, carrying out, and covering up the murder. The bill would also strip those individuals of eligibility to visit the United States, although under a narrow waiver the president could allow individuals entry. Three Republicans co-sponsored the bill, which has now been introduced in the Senate.

• Technology companies have stepped up efforts to automate the flagging and removal of terrorist and violent extremist content online since the viral spread of the video of the March attack on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. CPJ has reported on how the removal of this content can have unintended consequences that may impede journalists’ work, and how imperfect technologies are causing journalistic reports to be taken down. CPJ has advocated in meetings with technology companies for journalist protections and transparency about how content moderation is carried out, including through a coalition of human rights groups we helped found. In a good first step, the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, which includes Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter, YouTube, and Dropbox, in July released a first-ever terrorism database transparency report.

• CPJ has documented press freedom violations around several Olympic Games, including the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Following CPJ advocacy, the International Olympic Committee established an official mechanism for journalists to make complaints about violations during the 2016 Games in Rio. The IOC has confirmed it will, again, implement a complaints mechanism for the 2020 Games in Tokyo and has begun sharing information about the tool, including in the newsletter that is sent to the press accredited for the Games. The IOC will also include information about the mechanism in the media guide issued to press as they arrive to cover the Games.

Our Take

Censorship in Pakistan has gone into overdrive. The government has blocked news broadcasts, forced journalists off social media, banned opposition leaders from television, and run fake viral campaigns threatening journalists. In a Washington Post op-ed on the eve of Prime Minister Imran Khan’s July 23 visit to Washington, CPJ Asia Program Coordinator Steven Butler urged American officials meeting with him to remember that a free press has an important part to play in keeping the government and the military honest.

In an open letter to U.K. Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt and Culture Secretary Jeremy Wright, CPJ and representatives of other international organizations urged new legislation to stop the abuse of defamation law in the U.K. to intimidate and silence journalists. “We urge you to address this issue as a matter of priority,” the group wrote. “It is important that the government makes clear that the UK remains a country that welcomes and celebrates the role and value of independent public interest reporting.”