Analyses and data track press freedom conditions. Paul Wood of the BBC and Oliver Holmes of Reuters describe the extraordinary challenges of covering the Syrian conflict. D. Parvaz of Al-Jazeera examines the implications of the 2013 Iranian election. And Jean-Paul Marthoz reveals the censorship imposed by religious extremists.

Middle East & North Africa



Video: CPJ Risk List

From conflict-ridden Syria to oppressive Iran, the 10 countries where press freedom suffered the most in 2012.


Analysis
A look ahead at the 2013 election and the implications for the Iranian press.
 
Analysis
As Syria endures its second winter of war, the dangers for journalists are multiplying.


Analysis
In a country filled with paranoia and fear, the civil war has turned citizens into reporters.


Analysis
Editors think twice, reporters do not dig deeply, columnists choose words carefully.


Middle East & North Africa


Deaths by Type in 2012


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25 Combat/Crossfire
5 Dangerous Assignment
3 Murder
1 Undetermined

Regional Data

34

Journalists Killed in 2012

126

Journalists in Exile, 2007-12



285

Journalists Killed Since 1992

72

Imprisoned on December 1, 2012



164

Unsolved Journalist Murders Since 1992

7

Missing as of December 31, 2012


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Bahrain

1 Journalist imprisoned on December 1. A blogger is serving a life term for his critical writing.

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Egypt

1 Journalist killed in 2012. A reporter covering an anti-constitution protest is shot by a ruling party supporter.

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Iran

45 Imprisoned in December 2012, the second highest figure in the world. فارسی »
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Iraq

93 Unsolved journalist murders, reflecting the world’s worst record of impunity.

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Israel and the
Occupied
Palestinian
Territory

2 Journalists killed in Gaza by targeted Israeli airstrikes.
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Jordan

400 News websites that must now register with the government under legislation passed in 2012.

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Lebanon

1 Killed in 2012. Syrian agents shoot a reporter covering the conflict from across the border in Lebanon.
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Libya

69 New media outlets created since the 2011 uprising ousted Muammar Qaddafi.

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Saudi Arabia

8th Most censored nation, CPJ finds. Coverage of unrest in Eastern Province is blocked.
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Sudan

27 Attacks on journalists during the height of popular unrest in June and July 2012.

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Syria

28 Killed in 2012, making Syria the world’s deadliest for the press.
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Tunisia

9 Assaults targeting journalists, most occurring during coverage of street protests.

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Yemen

13 Attacks on the press in a four-month period of heightened unrest.

Country reports in this chapter were researched and written by Dahlia El-Zein, research associate for CPJ’s Middle East and North Africa program.


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Slideshow: Year in Photos

Slideshow: Year in Photos