Journalist Polad Aslanov, chief editor of the independent news websites Xeberman and Press-az, is serving a 13-year prison sentence in Azerbaijan after being convicted of high treason in November 2020. Azerbaijani security service officers detained Aslanov at a checkpoint along the border with Iran in June 2019. He was initially sentenced to 16 years in prison, but the sentence was reduced to 13 years on appeal in February 2022.
On June 12, 2019, authorities detained Aslanov, along with his wife and daughter, when they attempted to enter Iran for a friend’s wedding, his wife, Gulmira Aslanova, told CPJ in October 2019. His wife and daughter were released, and authorities confiscated Aslanov’s camera, computer, and phone, according to the regional news website Kavkazsky Uzel.
On June 13, the country’s state security service issued a statement accusing Aslanov of conspiring to sell secret information to foreign governments and publishing anti-government statements online.
On June 14, the Sabail District Court in Baku, the capital, ordered Aslanov to remain in detention for four months, pending an investigation on allegations of high treason, according to Elchin Sadygov, the journalist’s lawyer, who spoke to CPJ at the time. Treason is punishable with up to life in prison, according to the Azerbaijani criminal code.
Aslanova told CPJ in October 2019 that her husband denied the charges, which she said were in retaliation for his criticism of public officials and laws. Before his arrest, Aslanov was preparing to publish an investigation for Xeberman into alleged corruption in the tourism sector involving high-ranking government officials, she said.
Previously, in April 2018, Aslanov was drafted into military service for one year despite being medically unfit to serve due to his low weight and chronic heart condition, his wife told CPJ, saying she believed he was ordered to serve to prevent him from working.
During a February 3, 2020, preparatory hearing at the Baku Grave Crimes Court, Sadygov requested that presiding judge Faig Ganiev recuse himself due to a conflict of interest for his previous involvement in cases involving Aslanov, but the request was denied, according to a report by Kavkazsky Uzel.
At a hearing on February 17, Aslanov denied that he had spied or sold state secrets to the Iranian intelligence services and alleged that law enforcement officers had pressured him into confessing by threatening his family. He said his detention was in retaliation for his journalistic work, Kavkazsky Uzel reported.
On November 16, the Baku Grave Crimes Court convicted Aslanov of high treason and sentenced him to 16 years in prison, according to Aslanova, news reports, and Rasul Jafarov, chairman of the local advocacy group Baku Human Rights Club, who spoke with CPJ via messaging app.
Jafarov alleged that there were substantial irregularities in Aslanov’s case, that he believed showed the charges were fabricated.
At a hearing on February 4, 2021, a court rejected the defense’s requests to summon witnesses in the case and to reexamine files from the journalist’s computer and phone, according to Kavkazsky Uzel. On February 15, the court also denied Aslanov’s appeal, the outlet reported.
On February 24, 2022, the Supreme Court ruled to reduce Aslanov’s sentence from 16 to 13 years, citing the lack of a previous criminal record and the fact that he has a young child, reports said.
On May 11, 2023, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the eight months Aslanov served in pretrial detention was unreasonable and ordered Azerbaijan to pay the journalist 3,500 euros ($3,700) in compensation, according to reports and the journalist’s wife. Aslanov has three other complaints pending at the ECHR, regarding his conviction, his psychological and moral ill-treatment, and his alleged beating in prison, Aslanova told CPJ in late November 2024.
Throughout his detention, Aslanov has frequently reported on poor conditions and rights abuses through his wife and has repeatedly engaged in hunger strikes in protest, despite weighing just 49 kilograms (108 pounds). The strikes resulted in headaches, difficulty breathing, and kidney and stomach pain, and exacerbated his preexisting heart condition, according to Aslanova. Aslanova has frequently complained of prison authorities targeting her husband for being outspoken.
In mid-October 2021, prison authorities began beating and punishing inmates associated with Aslanov in retaliation for his activism, according to reports and Aslanova.
In April 2022, the journalist’s wife told the media that Aslanov had been beaten by a cellmate, an attack she believed had been organized by prison authorities. In August, police said an investigation did not confirm claims that Aslanov had been beaten.
In early November 2024, Aslanov undertook a six-day hunger strike to highlight the plight of political prisoners as Azerbaijan’s hosted the COP29 climate change conference. The journalist’s wife told the media authorities moved him to a prison with harsher conditions during the strike, where she said prison authorities barred him from making phone calls except in the presence of the prison director and threatened him with further rights violations if he kept passing statements to the media.
Aslanov began another hunger strike August 29, 2025 — which was ongoing as of mid-September — to protest restrictions to his rights in retaliation for his public complaints of corruption in prison, his wife told CPJ. He is also protesting against authorities’ failure to provide him with results of a medical scan he underwent in July, after Aslanova said doctors verbally informed him that he had a problem with his liver. She said Aslanov was very weak, and was experiencing severe dizziness and loss of hearing due to the strike.
In September 2025, CPJ emailed the Penitentiary Service and Justice Ministry of Azerbaijan for comment but did not receive any replies.