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Anatomy of Injustice: The Unsolved Killings of Journalists in Russia
Paul Klebnikov
“The Golden Hundred: Russia’s Richest People of 2004”
By Paul Klebnikov and Kirill Vishnepolsky
Forbes Russia (Originally
published in Forbes Russia on May 13, 2004; translated and republished by
Forbes.com on July 22, 2004)
When Forbes published its most recent list of the
world’s billionaires, in February of this year, the
Inherited wealth
When we calculate the fortunes of the wealthiest Americans—those
included on the “Forbes 400”
list—we consider whether the bulk of an individual’s fortune is inherited or
not. The fact that inherited fortunes account for just 20 percent of the “Forbes 400” speaks of the ability of the
Naturally, since
Finally, the members of Forbes
Russia’s “Golden Hundred” list are remarkably similar in terms of biography
and personal characteristics. The average member of our list is a 47-year-old
male who was born outside
(Reprinted with permission of Forbes
Anna Politkovskaya
“Designated Terrorists: The Anti-Terrorist Policy of Torture in the
Every day, there are tens of folders in
front of me. These are copies of materials from criminal cases against people
who are being investigated or have already been jailed for “terrorism.”
Why is the word “terrorism” in quotation
marks here? Because the overwhelming majority of these people are designated
terrorists. By 2006, the practice of designating people as terrorists has not
only displaced any and all real anti-terrorist efforts, but has actually
started to generate revenge-seekers—potential real terrorists. When prosecutors
and courts do not work to carry out the law and punish the guilty but, rather,
to fulfill political orders and achieve anti-terrorist statistics pleasing to
the Kremlin, such criminal cases turn out like hot cakes from an oven.
The conveyor belt of “organizing full confessions” excels at
providing good statistics on “fighting terrorism” in the
Here is what the mothers of a group of young convicted Chechens
wrote to me: “In effect, these penitentiaries have turned into concentration
camps for Chechen convicts. They are subjected to ethnic discrimination. They
are not allowed out of one-person cells or punitive solitary confinement. The
majority, or almost all of them, have been convicted on fabricated charges,
with no material evidence. Held in brutal conditions, subjected to humiliation,
they are developing a hatred for everything. This is a whole army of young men
who will return to us with their lives ruined, their outlooks distorted. …”
To be honest, I fear their hatred. I fear it
because it’s like a river that will overflow its banks sooner or later. And it
will be taken out on everyone—not just the investigators who tortured them. The
“designated terrorist” cases are the arena where there’s a head-on clash
between two ideological approaches to what is happening in the zone of the
“counter-terrorist operation in the
(Reprinted with permission of Novaya Gazeta and Johnson’s Russia List.)
Eduard Markevich
“Expansion”
(Originally published in Novy Reft on January 12, 2000; translated for CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
I decided to write this article after learning about a search in
the apartment of [Alevtina Nikolaevna] Urusova, a sports instructor at the
[Reftinsky] town administration.
I had to meet with a lot of people in order to carefully
investigate this case and be able to give you an adequate account of what had
happened. What I learned has changed my perception of things I have ignored in
the past.
One evening the police broke into A.N. Urusova’s apartment
without a warrant, turned everything in the apartment on its head, and
confiscated sports equipment she kept at home. ... A.N. Urusova was called for
an interrogation. The interrogation lasted for eight hours, and was accompanied
by threats, tears, loss of consciousness, and the arrival of an ambulance.
It turned out that the police were not very interested in A.N.
Urusova herself. … And all that ostentatious strictness of the “siloviki” [law
enforcement and security agents], and their zealous intent to fight against
“those who steal social property,” was nothing more than a sham. All that was
needed from the sports instructor was to name the names of the persons and list
the quantities of the bribes they allegedly passed through her to the head of
the town administration, M. Shantarin. They also wanted her to name the places
and the dates those alleged transactions took place. Moreover, they demanded
that she sign some papers compromising to Shantarin.
To her credit, Alevtina Nikolaevna [Urusova] withstood the
pressure and did not succumb to threats (of the “I’ll put you in jail!” type)
or to the temptation of saving herself from police harassment by confirming
false accusations against an innocent man.
According to unofficial sources, the police have been
blackmailing M. Shantarin by threatening to put his son in prison on fabricated
charges. This is an alarming fact: The police are becoming interested in
politics. And not just in Reftinsky. The recent expansion of the “siloviki”
into the federal government is noticeable: First, Russians, exhausted by failed
reforms, were forced to vote for the political party Unity, headed by [army
general] Sergei Shoigu; then, the tendency continued at the executive level
when V. Putin—a “silovik” to the bone—became president.
Feeling the support of the federal government, our detectives
have raised their heads, striving for power and influence in the local
administration.
A police officer does not have much of a
chance of being elected to office—people do not like the police, and that’s
that. Particularly here in the Urals—a region for ages used by
No one is allowed to destroy the foundations of democracy in our
country, even in a small town, even in the name of some good cause. Those in
uniform have always used raw force as their main argument.
But we are not going to stand by, doing nothing, while the
police are trampling one of the most valuable achievements of our country—our
democracy—before our eyes.
(Reprinted with permission of Novy Reft.)
Yuri Shchekochikhin
“The Three Whales [Furniture Store] Case:
A Judge Threatened, a Prosecutor Dismissed, a Witness Murdered”
(Originally published in Novaya
Gazeta on June 2, 2003;
translated for CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
This is not a story about tables and chairs; this is a
different, a completely different story, which points directly to Russia’s
place in the world, to the kind of country we live in, to the history we are
currently writing, to our elected president and parliament, and to our
politically appointed government officials.
The Three Whales case is symbolic of our
time! Symbolic for the parliament—its Security Committee dedicated an entire
session to the affair, and the State Duma sent dozens of letters to the Prosecutor
General’s Office. Symbolic for
It sounds like a joke! The independent presidential prosecutor
Loskutov has strangely not received a letter from Frank Helmut, the German
criminal police representative in
He doesn’t have this letter; it has not arrived,
or it has been lost, or it has just disappeared in the corridors of the
Prosecutor General’s Office. I can give him a copy of the letter, but will it
make any difference? And this is not the point! The question is: What is really
in the power of our elected president to do? To provide some senior citizen
with a telephone line? To utter some pretty sentence in German? To take off in
a fighter jet [as a photo op]?
“Who is he, Mr. Putin?” I hardly remember how many times I have
heard this question from my foreign colleagues when he suddenly appeared at the
top of Russian political power. Three years have elapsed since then. And I
still haven’t found a clear answer to this question.
Twice I have appealed to the president with personal inquiries
regarding, believe me, important state issues. Twice I have had to repeat the
same phrase: “I understand your desire to create a working team, but it seems
to me not a team but a pack of wolves has been circling around you. And
(Reprinted with permission of Novaya Gazeta.)
Ivan Safronov
“The Bulava Missile Failed”
By Ivan Safronov and Elina Bilevskaya
(Originally published in Kommersant on December 26, 2006; translated for
CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
Kommersant has learned that the test of the modern
intercontinental ballistic missile Bulava, which was launched on Sunday from
the Dmitry Donskoi nuclear submarine, was unsuccessful. This is Bulava’s third
consecutive crash. The problems associated with launching Bulava cast doubts on
future plans to supply the nuclear navy with this kind of missile. Bulava was
expected to become the main striking force of the Russian navy’s strategic
nuclear forces in the next decade.
According to Kommersant’s
sources, at the end of last week, the Dmitry Donskoi submarine went to sea in
order to launch Bulava. Yesterday, the submarine came back to the base in
Yesterday, Igor Panarin, the press secretary of the Federal
Space Agency (responsible for the creation of Bulava), neither confirmed nor
denied information about the failed missile launch. He promised Kommersant that “the agency would comment right
after the Defense Ministry issues its official statement.” However, the Defense
Ministry was mute until yesterday evening. The head of the communications
department of the Defense Ministry, Sergei Rybakov, told Kommersant then that he “is not commenting on the
situation” with Bulava’s launch. According to Second Rank Captain Igor Babenko,
the deputy head of the Northern Fleet’s press service, the responsibility for
everything that takes place around the Bulava missile launch lies entirely on
the developer—the Moscow Institute of Combustion Engineering. “The military
does not have a right to comment on anything related to the tests of this
missile until the missile is transferred to the fleet for service,” Babenko
told Kommersant.
After the failed Bulava launches in September and October 2006,
the testing program was changed. While both tests in the fall were carried out
with the Donskoi submarine under water in the
We will remind you that after three failed attempts to launch
the navy’s modernized nuclear missile Bark in 1997, the Russian Security
Council decided to terminate its development by the Makeev assembly plant. It
was decided that work would be transferred to the Moscow Institute of
Combustion Engineering, which would have to develop a modern nuclear missile
that would then be produced by the Votkin factory in Udmurtiya. The Moscow
Institute of Combustion Engineering had previously developed land-based
ballistic missiles for the strategic-missile military force.
According to a Kommersant source in the Defense Ministry, an
intergovernmental commission was to start an investigation today into the
Bulava launch failure. In addition, the source did not deny the possibility
that the results of the work of the commission could be examined at a special
meeting of the military-industrial commission led by Vice Prime Minister and
Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov. “The failure casts doubts on carrying out the
state military program to equip the Russian navy with the Bulava missile
starting in 2007,” the source explained.
(Reprinted with permission of Kommersant.)
Maksim Maksimov
“They Beat Their Own and Fear No One”
(Originally published in Gorod on April 5, 2004; translated for CPJ
by Ekaterina Lysova)
In the period of one week, the apartment of an investigator with
the Main Department of Investigations [in the St. Petersburg Interior Ministry]
was broken into twice, in both cases by police officers. Strange that this may
be, in both cases, the
Colleagues and bandits
Here is N’s account of the events. On February 19, 2004, about
half an hour after midnight, unknown men smashed the front door and broke into
her apartment. One of them, in response to her question, “What’s going on?”
aimed a pistol at her stomach and ordered her to “shut up.” This event reminded
her of an armed assault. Only after a uniformed police officer came through her
door did investigator N realize that the men were not criminals, but her
colleagues.
N showed her police identification,
introduced herself, and asked her uninvited guests to do the same; she also
asked them to explain the reason why they broke into her home. But, in
response, all she received was a torrent of vulgarities. No one showed her any
documents. One of the men said that “the deputy of the Regional Department of
Internal Affairs Solovykh is working here,” and if she kept complaining, she
would be taken to police station No. 76. The investigator once again asked that
the men leave her apartment. When they were leaving, one of them kicked her in
the stomach.
N then saw the police officers break into a neighboring
apartment, which was rented by a Chechen-Azerbaijani family, take the people
out on the street—without allowing them to even put their jackets on—and drive
them away. The investigator dialed 02 [the emergency phone number] right away.
The police team that arrived refused to take down her account of the break-in
and only filled out some form.
The same day, N filed an appeal with the
city prosecutor, asking him to open a criminal investigation against the police
team headed by Solovykh on the charge of illegally breaking into her apartment.
But while she was waiting for the appeal’s result, the story unfolded in an
unexpected way.
Six days later, on February 25, after
coming back home from work at 9:30 p.m., the investigator noticed that the lock
of her apartment door was broken, the door itself was open, and the lights were
on. N found out from a neighbor that this time around, it was a drunken local
police officer by the name of Shapovalov who had broken into her home, just an
hour before. According to N’s neighbors, the officer was looking for something
in her apartment, and when he found a file full of documents, he left with
them. For some reason, he also took the neighbor’s sister and niece away with
him.
The investigator dialed 02 again, where she
was told that a team from police station No. 76 would soon be dispatched. When
N objected, explaining that the officers who first broke into her home worked
at none other than police station No.76, the 02 operator on duty rejected her
request to send a different police team. Had N not been an investigator, she
would have had to make many more calls and explain her story time and again.
But since she was one, she first reported what happened directly to the head of
her department, and then contacted other appropriate officials in the [Interior
Ministry’s] Main Department of Investigations.
(Reprinted with permission of Gorod.)
Magomed Yevloyev
“On the Situation in the
(Originally published on the Web
site Ingushetiya.ru, on an unknown date, and republished
on Ingushetia.org on February 25, 2009; translated for
CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
The situation in the
Below, I have briefly laid out the
salient points, characterizing the current state of affairs in the republic.
Because of the blundering policies
of Ingushetia’s administration; its insufficient attention to the problems of
unemployment, the poor standard of living, and other issues the effect of which
has been compounded by pervasive corruption among state officials; and because
of the detachment of authorities from the needs of their constituents—the
credibility of the local and federal government has dropped to its lowest.
Wahhabism—the radical movement in
Islam—has gained popularity among young people, particularly those living in
rural areas.
A lot of youths have been joining
Wahhabi groups while the regional government passively stands by, doing nothing
to prevent the trend. In fact, Wahhabi clubs have been freely and publicly
propagating their theories—which are foreign to traditional Islam—in various
parts of Ingushetia.
As a result, it has become
possible for Chechen rebels to establish military bases and tent camps in the
forests of Ingushetia, and be actively joined by Ingushetians who are attracted
to the ideas of Wahhabism.
Those were the groups responsible
for the attack on power structures and peaceful citizens on the night of June
22, 2004.
Ingushetia’s president, Murat Zyazikov, has no authority among the population. The
last traces of it—which had only lingered on due to President Vladimir Putin’s
support for him, a fact Zyazikov has missed no opportunity to point
out—vanished following the June 22, 2004, events in Ingushetia, and the
terrorist act committed on September 1 in Beslan.
During the armed attack of the
rebels on the night of June 21-22, Murat Zyazikov, as the commander-in-chief of
the republic, not only did not lead the actions of resisting the rebels, but
disappeared somewhere. Most residents of Ingushetia are convinced that he was
hiding in the basement of one of his relatives.
The population’s discontent peaked
with regards to Zyazikov’s behavior during the terrorist act in Beslan. The
elders heading Ingushetia’s main clans—who wanted to go to Beslan—were looking
for the president for three days and could not find him; he only reappeared
after the school hostage crisis was over.
During his short tenure as
president, Murat Zyazikov has alienated almost all federal officials: the head
of the Supreme Court, the interior minister, the prosecutor of the republic,
the head of the security service, and representatives of the
(Reprinted
with permission of Ingushetia.org.)
Natalya Skryl
“Ordinary
Extraordinary Meeting”
(Originally published in Nashe Vremya on January 25, 2002; translated for
CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
Scheduled for 8 a.m. on Sunday,
January 20, the Tagmet shareholders’ meeting went calmly, as was planned by the
stock owners with a controlling share. Everyone but an Alfa-Eco representative,
who did not consider the meeting legitimate, was allowed to speak. In addition,
the general director, Sergei Bidash, exchanged remarks with the director of the
Alfa-Eco metallurgical department, Vadim Kucharin, basically saying: “We
respect you, but you don’t respect us.” The voting showed that the Alfa stake
in the company has not increased: The previous power balance has remained in
the new board of directors.
In the place of Vladimir Verba,
who resigned a month ago, Nikolai Orlov, the general director of the public
corporation Priasovsky, was approved as chairman of the board of directors.
Thus, the meeting safely reached a “status quo.” Only a beefed-up security
presence at the entrance [to the plant] pointed to tensions. Since Friday
afternoon, armed guards have not let anyone into the building where the meeting
was supposed to take place. On Sunday morning, even a court officer who carried
an order to cancel the meeting was not allowed into the building.
The main events that led to the
resignation of the chairman of board of directors took place in December. It
sounds like a detective story.
The first
meeting of the board of directors took place on December 21 on the initiative
of the company Dzhnou Properties Limited, which is considered to be a partner
of Alfa. The agenda of the day was to hold a shareholders’ meeting to re-elect
the board of directors. The thing is that Mr. Kazakov, the Dzhnou
representative at Tagmet, resigned after his appointment as the Rostov Region
representative at the Federation Council, and his replacement had to be
approved at the meeting. In addition, Alfa demanded a report on the situation
around the plant. Directors were discussing when and where the next meeting
would be held—in
…
On that same day, December 21, the
According to Vadim Kucharin, everything that happened afterward falls within the “domain of speculation.” On December 26, Vladimir Verba signs a document canceling the upcoming meeting of the board of the directors and then resigns. The minutes taken at the December 21 meeting are allegedly rewritten. Each side explains the reasons that led to the chairman’s resignation in its own way.
It should be said that Vladimir
Verba … owns about 16 percent of Tagmet’s shares, so any of the parties
involved cannot be uninterested in trying to draw him to their side. We can
only guess what the methods of dealing with the former chairman have been.
(Reprinted
with permission of Nashe Vremya.)
Vagif Kochetkov
“Protek: The Benefactor Forced Upon Us”
(Originally published in Molodoi Kommunar on June 17, 2005; translated for CPJ
by Ekaterina Lysova)
Doctors advise that sick,
low-income people stock up on healing herbs for
self-medication.Well, the times are good for this. To rely on the state, which
is supposed to provide free medications, is not recommended to
“A protection
racket” for a closed company
There is only one “benefactor” on
our market, which has been authorized to provide medication to those citizens
who have the right to get state social benefits: the closed joint-stock company
The Moscow-based Protek did not
appear in the
Complete losses
Here are the
opinions of those directly dealing with the implementation of Law No. 122 on
the ground. Among them are the doctors and heads of the pharmacies who “lucked
out” to be Protek partners.
“We have borne total losses,” says
E. Koshar, head of the Bogoroditsk central district pharmacy. “The contract
forced upon us by Protek does not benefit us. We provided [Protek] with offices
as well as with our specialists who have done additional work without being
paid. Protek hasn’t even paid for what we have spent on them from our own
budget.”
Here I need
to clarify. As a matter of fact, according to Law No. 122, the prescriptions
for low-income patients are issued in a new way and in compliance with the
government-approved list of medications. This list contains 2,000 items and
each item has its own code. A company chosen by the government theoretically
should itself manage the process of prescribing medicines, providing services
in the pharmacy, and paying the Medical Insurance Fund. But in
“Workers are quitting their jobs,”
complains L. Kashirina, the director of the state-owned company Shchekinskaya.
“Our pharmacy bears losses. Protek’s leadership is confusing everybody. Until
recently, we hoped for good relations with this company, but their contract
hurts us. These so-called partners don’t even want to hear us out.”
(Reprinted with permission of Molodoi Kommunar.)
Valery Ivanov
(Under the pen name Gamlet Oganesyants)
“This Is How It Happened”
(Originally published in Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye, in
April 2000; translated for CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
It might sound strange, but it is much more difficult to explain
to members of the law enforcement agencies—rather than to the criminals—that
freedom of speech is not just a declared right in the Constitution, but a
reality for us who live in Togliatti. In order to prove this, we had to endure
a criminal investigation, which the Federal Security Service (FSB) opened
against us because of an article we published. The FSB charged us with an
alleged disclosure of state secrets.
This happened in the spring of 1999. By that time, we had become
pretty strong as a publication. People trusted us, and we had added an extra section to the paper called “Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye in Every Home.” By
that time, we had become able to influence public opinion. Elections were
coming up. Because we were absolutely independent, many politicians viewed us
as a real threat. And this was because none of them could predict how we would
behave during the campaign. I believe that those fears were the reasons for the
launching of a criminal case against us. So, the story began when the
surveillance department of the
If we hadn’t published the article about
the fires, no one would have known anything. Our publication led to several
inspections conducted by the Interior Ministry. Later we learned that the
Interior Minister, who had come for a visit to
Well, it looks like someone perceived his statement as a call to
action. A criminal case for the alleged disclosure of state secrets was opened
against us. Here, we were confronted with the FSB machine, and we came out of
this confrontation with deep respect for this agency. Since the FSB has been in
the shadows, we couldn’t possibly imagine that it had managed to hold on to its
former habits and skills so well. But when FSB agents began calling us in for
interrogations, when we learned that almost all of us had been under a 24-hour
surveillance (we should point out that the FSB did not even try to hide this,
but, instead, was blatant about it), when the chance of being imprisoned became
real, when we saw our sources being uncovered, when we were interrogated about
our family relations dating almost back to the October Revolution, and when
agents demanded that we identify our sources of information—we realized that
the FSB had managed to preserve its professional skills.
Having said that, I think that low-ranking FSB members did not
know that they were executing someone’s political orders; they were simply
working diligently. But why? If they were working to punish some criminals, we
could just thank them for a job well done. But they were working against a
newspaper that had committed no crime and was simply trying to honestly inform
its readers about what was going on in their city.
Despite enormous pressure, none of us at Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye gave away our sources … We managed to
attract the support of some members of parliament, as well as the attention of
regional and federal media who became interested in our case and came to our
aid. We also carried out our own investigation into the activities of FSB
officials, the results of which could have led to a loud scandal. ...
As a result, the regional prosecutor’s office admitted that we
had committed no crime and closed the case against us. So, yet again, we
defended our press freedom and the right of citizens to receive accurate
information. Incidentally, we would have to do that many times over.
(Reprinted with permission of Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye.)
Aleksei Sidorov
“The Black Gold of the Criminals
and State Officials”
(Originally published in Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye, on
December 20, 2001; translated for CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
Let us begin with the fact that in
Thus, during the first quarter of 2001, the biggest passenger transportation company in the city, ATP-1, would buy gasoline No. 76 for the price of 7 rubles and 30 kopeks. It means that ATP-1 would pay one ruble more for the same one liter of gasoline than the citizens would. As a result of this “generosity,” ATP-1 lost 9.8 million rubles. But then a miracle happened right after a revision was executed by the financial department of the mayor’s office. In particular—the cost of one liter of gasoline went down by two rubles. By the way, we should point out that the individual responsible for getting and distributing gasoline at ATP-1 is the son of the company’s director. Dad buys and the son distributes. The revision uncovered a lot of violations in the regulations for storing and distributing gasoline. So many violations have been identified that dad even had to formally scold his son.
Everyone knows that organized
crime groups (OPG) control the “gasoline business” of municipal institutions.
In theory, some ATP directors get to know the criminals in the following way: A
contract is signed by companies controlled by the OPG; then if anyone else
offers a better deal regarding gasoline or spare parts, the offer is rejected.
In case an ATP director dares to break the “working” relationship with the
criminals, he would find himself in a hospital very soon.
On February 8, 2000, ATP-2
director Nikolai Konyayev was attacked. Unidentified assailants beat him up
with iron rods right in the entrance of his apartment building. According to
investigators, Konyayev had refused to accept an offer from one of those groups
to only receive gasoline and spares from them.
On November 22, 2001, Aleksandr
Chursin, the head of the department responsible for the city’s alternative
means of transportation at the mayor’s office, was attacked as well. Based on
what we managed to find out about the investigation of this case, the attack
was related to Chursin’s professional activities. As a matter of fact, most of
the means of alternative transportation in the city [mini-buses] have been
controlled by organized crime groups. Not until recently did the mayor’s office
try to regulate these alternative means of transportation. Consequently, those
who ran the mini-buses practically did not pay taxes or issue passengers
tickets (that is, they pocketed the ticket money), so the local budget did not
receive any money from them. While the routes worked by the alternative
mini-buses are the busiest and, therefore, the most profitable, the number of
municipal buses on those same routes has been declining. The mayor’s office
recently decided to get involved and put things back in order. Chursin was
given the task. But soon after he started working on a reform, unidentified
attackers came to him with iron rods.
These cases are not isolated.
(Reprinted with permission of Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye.)
Igor Domnikov
“
(Originally
published in Novaya Gazeta on February 21, 2000; translated for
CPJ by Ekaterina Lysova)
By the way, we have touched upon a
name among the servants of the Komsomol that is most unloved by me—Dorovskoi,
who is the deputy governor of economics. When you drive through the [
We should say that even the powerful Dorovskoi sometimes makes
childish mistakes. But no one either reprimands him or points this out to him.
For example, he authorized an ice cream factory, “as an exemption,” to sell its
products from May to September on ice cream stands without cash registers “with
the goal of improving customer service.” Even those who don’t know a lot about
trade in
Those people may be even more
outraged when they find out that this authorization is fake, issued under an
invalid number. But we shall reassure the skeptics: Nothing bad will happen to
Dorovskoi. Believe me, he has been in even thicker situations, made even bigger
mistakes, but he still walks free.
I would very much like to make an upset face and demand that the
Prosecutor General help his
Unfortunately, my storytelling
gift is insufficient to convey the scope with which this sort of barter is
practiced in the region. All this inedible mash of figures, names, and
orders—it is not appropriate for the newspaper.
The system in its essence is
simple. The businesses make money but do not pay taxes; they profit by pushing
either their own products on the market, or some farm produce they bought at
low prices. Sometimes things are head-on: The budget credits all debt, though
much of it stays unpaid. It is not that interesting to dig inside this mess. I
am just going to say that one-third of
(Reprinted with permission of Novaya Gazeta.)
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